# External Ontologies

## General Data Transformations

Ontologies are structured data writing in RDF/XML syntax or in OWL. They are great resources to express very complex and precise domain-specific knowledge. In practice, they aren't that useful by itself because:

* Not human readable, and you'll need special software like Protege
* T-box structured
* Good for schemas, bad for analysis

For more information about the different ontologies in the biomedical space, we recommend checking out the documentation on [obo foundry](https://obofoundry.org/).&#x20;

For practical reasons we transform ontologies from their T-Box structures into A-Box schemas. In other words, we map a "Class" in an ontology as an Object in the data graph itself.&#x20;

<figure><img src="https://1288106818-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F58V5gIKqqiaGKIL0OodX%2Fuploads%2FIsPod0wCi8PdvgUNYj7B%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=e9c98d58-a5d7-4215-9a18-2f35d63bdef8" alt=""><figcaption><p>T-Box pattern for diseases</p></figcaption></figure>

Inside our labelled property graph, we can use labels to denote the Conceptual hierarchies of your core ontology.

<figure><img src="https://1288106818-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F58V5gIKqqiaGKIL0OodX%2Fuploads%2FjNeMkl2kgW6EcJPRFcCi%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=ab8234a9-0dc3-425b-9ce0-3b0e61bbc44a" alt=""><figcaption><p>A-Box pattern with labels</p></figcaption></figure>
